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Civics
24-
Power Sharing 41 minLecture1.1
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Chapter Notes – Power SharingLecture1.2
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NCERT Solutions – Power SharingLecture1.3
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Federalism 01 hourLecture1.4
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Chapter Notes – FederalismLecture1.5
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NCERT Solutions – FederalismLecture1.6
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Gender Caste 01 hour 04 minLecture1.7
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Chapter Notes – Gender CasteLecture1.8
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NCERT Solutions – Gender CasteLecture1.9
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Popular Struggles 01 hour 18 minLecture1.10
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Chapter Notes – Popular StrugglesLecture1.11
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NCERT Solutions – Popular StrugglesLecture1.12
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Political Parties 55 minLecture1.13
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Chapter Notes – Political PartiesLecture1.14
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NCERT Solutions – Political PartiesLecture1.15
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Democracy and Diversity 49 minLecture1.16
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Chapter Notes – Democracy and DiversityLecture1.17
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NCERT Solutions – Democracy and DiversityLecture1.18
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Outcome of Democracy 41 minLecture1.19
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Chapter Notes – Outcome of DemocracyLecture1.20
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NCERT Solutions – Outcome of DemocracyLecture1.21
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Challenges to Democracy 53 minLecture1.22
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Chapter Notes – Challenges to DemocracyLecture1.23
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NCERT Solutions – Challenges to DemocracyLecture1.24
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Economics
37-
Development 1 – Introduction 57 minLecture2.1
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Development 2 – Levels of Devplopment-Individual 23 minLecture2.2
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Development 3 – Levels of Development-National 32 minLecture2.3
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Development 4 – Development in Country, Type of Resources 10 minLecture2.4
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Development 5 – Levels of Devplopment-Individual_English 23 minLecture2.5
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Development 6 – Levels of Devplopment-National_English 32 minLecture2.6
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Development 7 – Development in Country, Type of Resources_English 10 minLecture2.7
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Chapter Notes – DevelopmentLecture2.8
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NCERT Solutions – DevelopmentLecture2.9
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Money and Credit 1 38 minLecture2.10
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Money and Credit 2 23 minLecture2.11
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Money and Credit 3 23 minLecture2.12
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Chapter Notes – Money and CreditLecture2.13
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NCERT Solutions – Money and CreditLecture2.14
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Sectors of Indian Economy 1- Introduction 44 minLecture2.15
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Sectors of Indian Economy 2 – Some Important Terms, Activity in Primary and Secondary Sector, Teritary Sector 01 hour 06 minLecture2.16
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Sectors of Indian Economy 3 – Devision of Sectors as Organised and Unorganised 21 minLecture2.17
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Sectors of Indian Economy 4 – Some Important Terms, Activity in Primary and Secondary Sector, Teritary Sector_English 01 hour 06 minLecture2.18
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Sectors of Indian Economy 5 – Devision of Sectors as Organised and Unorganised_English 21 minLecture2.19
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Chapter Notes – Sectors of Indian EconomyLecture2.20
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NCERT Solutions – Sectors of Indian EconomyLecture2.21
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Globalization of the Indian Economy 1- Globalization of the Indian Economy 01 hour 39 minLecture2.22
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Globalization of the Indian Economy 2- Economics Polices, Captalist Economy, Socialist Economy 34 minLecture2.23
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Globalization of the Indian Economy 3- Production Activity, Interlinking Production Across Countries 23 minLecture2.24
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Globalization of the Indian Economy 4 – Forien Trade and Integration of Market, 20 minLecture2.25
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Globalization of the Indian Economy 5 – Factors That Have Enabled Globalisation, Steps to Attract Foreign Investment 24 minLecture2.26
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Globalization of the Indian Economy 6 – Economics Polices, Captalist Economy, Socialist Economy_English 34 minLecture2.27
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Globalization of the Indian Economy 7 – Production Activity, Interlinking Production Across Countries_English 23 minLecture2.28
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Globalization of the Indian Economy 8 – Forien Trade and Integration of Market_English 20 minLecture2.29
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Globalization of the Indian Economy 9 – Factors That Have Enabled Globalisation, Steps to Attract Foreign Investment_English 25 minLecture2.30
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Chapter Notes – Globalization of the Indian EconomyLecture2.31
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NCERT Solutions – Globalization of the Indian EconomyLecture2.32
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Consumer Rights 1 – Introduction 45 minLecture2.33
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Consumer Rights 2 – Goods and Services, Unfair Trade Practices 31 minLecture2.34
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Consumer Rights 3 – Different Types of Rights 42 minLecture2.35
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Chapter Notes – Consumer RightsLecture2.36
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NCERT Solutions – Consumer RightsLecture2.37
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Geography
28-
Resources and Development 1 53 minLecture3.1
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Resources and Development 2 44 minLecture3.2
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Chapter Notes – Resources and DevelopmentLecture3.3
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NCERT Solutions – Resources and DevelopmentLecture3.4
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Forest and Wildlife 48 minLecture3.5
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Chapter Notes – Forest and WildlifeLecture3.6
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NCERT Solutions – Forest and WildlifeLecture3.7
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Water Resources 1 12 minLecture3.8
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Water Resources 2 49 minLecture3.9
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Chapter Notes – Water ResourcesLecture3.10
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Agriculture 1 01 hour 06 minLecture3.11
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Agriculture 2 10 minLecture3.12
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Chapter Notes – AgricultureLecture3.13
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Minerals and Energy Resources 1 45 minLecture3.14
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Minerals and Energy Resources 2 58 minLecture3.15
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Minerals and Energy Resources 3 49 minLecture3.16
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Minerals and Energy Resources 4 38 minLecture3.17
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Chapter Notes – Minerals and Energy ResourcesLecture3.18
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Lifeline of National Economy 1 37 minLecture3.19
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Lifeline of National Economy 2 26 minLecture3.20
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Lifeline of National Economy 3 40 minLecture3.21
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Lifeline of National Economy 4 29 minLecture3.22
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Lifeline of National Economy 5 33 minLecture3.23
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Chapter Notes – Lifeline of National EconomyLecture3.24
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NCERT Solutions – Lifeline of National EconomyLecture3.25
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Manufacturing Industries 02 hourLecture3.26
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Chapter Notes – Manufacturing IndustriesLecture3.27
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NCERT Solutions – Manufacturing IndustriesLecture3.28
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History
28-
The Age of Industrialization 01 hourLecture4.1
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Chapter Notes – The Age of IndustrializationLecture4.2
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NCERT Solutions – The Age of IndustrializationLecture4.3
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Rise of Nationalism in Europe 01 hourLecture4.4
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Chapter Notes – Rise of Nationalism in EuropeLecture4.5
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NCERT Solutions – Rise of Nationalism in EuropeLecture4.6
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The Making of a Global World 01 hourLecture4.7
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Chapter Notes – The Making of a Global WorldLecture4.8
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NCERT Solutions – The Making of a Global WorldLecture4.9
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Globalization – Part 1 01 hourLecture4.10
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Globalization – Part 2 42 minLecture4.11
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Work Life Leisure 01 hourLecture4.12
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The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China 1 35 minLecture4.13
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The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China 2 01 hourLecture4.14
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The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China 3 59 minLecture4.15
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Nationalist Movement in India 1 23 minLecture4.16
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Nationalist Movement in India 2 51 minLecture4.17
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Nationalist Movement in India 3 01 hourLecture4.18
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Nationalist Movement in India 4 20 minLecture4.19
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Chapter Notes – Nationalism in IndiaLecture4.20
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NCERT Solutions – Nationalism in IndiaLecture4.21
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Novels Society and History 1 55 minLecture4.22
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Novels Society and History 2 32 minLecture4.23
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Novels Society and History 3 50 minLecture4.24
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Print Culture and Modern World 1 01 hourLecture4.25
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Print Culture and Modern World 2 47 minLecture4.26
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Chapter Notes – Print Culture and Modern WorldLecture4.27
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NCERT Solutions – Print Culture and Modern WorldLecture4.28
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Chapter Notes – Manufacturing Industries
• Introduction
• Importance of Manufacturing
• Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing.
→ The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries.
Importance of Manufacturing
development because:
→ It help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy. Also, reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
• Agriculture and industry are dependent on each other.
→ Industry depends on agriculture for raw materials and sell their products such as irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, machines and tools, etc. to the farmers.
• The contribution of Industry in the GDP is very low in India as compared to East Asian economies.
Industrial Location
• Industrial locations are influenced by the availability of raw material, labour, capital, power and market.
• Cities provide markets and also provide services such as banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants and financial advice, etc. to the industry.
• Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centres known as agglomeration economies.
• On the basis of source of raw materials used:
→ Mineral based
• According to their main role:
→ Basic or key industries which supply their products or raw materials to manufacture other goods e.g. iron and steel and copper smelting.
→ Consumer industries that produce goods for direct use by consumers – sugar, toothpaste.
• On the basis of capital investment:
→ Small scale industry: Such industry which requires the maximum investment up to rupees one crore. It employs a small number of labourers.
→ Large scale indutsry: If investment is more than one crore on any industry then it is known as a large scale industry.
• On the basis of ownership:
→ Public sector: Industries which are owned and operated by government agencies – BHEL, SAIL etc.
→ Private sector: Industries owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals –TISCO, Bajaj Auto Ltd., Dabur Industries.
→ Joint sector: Industries which are jointly run by the state and individuals or a group of individuals. Oil India Ltd. (OIL) is jointly owned by public and private sector.
→ Cooperative sector: Industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both.
• Based on the bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods:
→ Heavy industries such as iron and steel
→ Light industries that use light raw materials and produce light goods such as electrical industries.
• It is the only industry in the country, which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain i.e., from raw material to the highest value added products.
• It is the second-largest employment generating sector in India after agriculture (directly employing 35 million persons.)
Cotton Textiles
• India producing cotton textiles since ancient times with hand spinning and handloom weaving techniques.
• The first successful textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854.
→ In the early years, the cotton textile industry was concentrated in the cotton growing belt of Maharashtra and Gujarat.
→ Spinning continues to be centralised in Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu however weaving is highly decentralised to provide scope for incorporating traditional skills and designs of weaving in cotton, silk, zari, embroidery, etc.
→ India has world class production in spinning, but weaving supplies low quality of fabric as it cannot use much of the high quality yarn produced in the country.
→ India exports yarn to Japan.
→ Irregular supply of eletricity
→ Old and outdated machinery
→ Low output of labour
Jute Textiles
→ India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods.
→ Most of the jute mills in India are located in West Bengal, mainly along the banks of the Hugli river.
→ Factors responsible for their location in the Hugli basin are:
→ National Jute Policy was formulated in 2005 with the objective of increasing productivity, improving quality, ensuring good prices to the jute farmers and enhancing the yield per hectare.
→ India is the second largest producer of sugar in the world and first largest producer of gur and khandsari.
→ In recent years, mills are shifting to the southern and western states, especially in Maharashtra because
• Industries that use minerals and metals as raw materials are called mineral based industries.
→ The iron and steel Industry is the basic industry as it provides all types of machinery to run all the other industries.
→ In 2004, India was the largest exporter of steel
→ Because all the raw materials, as well as finished goods, are heavy and bulky entailing heavy transportation costs.
→ India not able to perform to its full potential in production of iron and steel because:
♠ High costs and limited availability of coking coal
♠ Lower productivity of labour
♠ Irregular supply of energy
♠ Poor infrastructure
→ Liberalisation and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) have given a boost to the industry with the efforts of private entrepreneurs.
Aluminium Smelting
→ Second most important metallurgical industry in India.
→ The raw material used in the smelters is called Bauxite.
♠ It is a very bulky, dark reddish coloured rock.
→ It is light, resistant to corrosion, a good conductor of heat, mallable and becomes strong when it is mixed with other metals.
♠ Organic chemicals include petrochemicals (used for manufacturing of synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber, plastics, dye-stuffs, drugs and pharmaceuticals).
♠ Inorganic chemicals include sulphuric acid (used to manufacture fertilisers, synthetic fibres, plastics, adhesives, paints, dye-stuffs), nitric acid, alkalies, soda ash (used to make glass, soaps
and detergents, paper) and caustic soda.
→ Mainly centred around the production of nitrogenous fertilisers (mainly urea), phosphatic fertilisers and ammonium phosphate (DAP) and complex fertilisers which have a combination of nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), and potash (K).
→ India is the third largest producer of nitrogenous fertilisers.
→ The fertiliser industry in India:
→ The first cement plant was set up in Chennai in 1904.
→ This industry is doing well in terms of production as well as export.
Information Technology and Electronics Industry
♠ Other important centres for electronic goods are Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow and Coimbatore.
• The growth of industries contribute significantly to India’s economic growth and development but also causes serious problem, the increase in pollution of land, water, air, noise and resulting degradation of the environment.
• Air pollution: It is caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
♠ Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants, and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories that ignore pollution norms.
♠ It adversely affects human health, animals, plants, buildings and the atmosphere as a whole.
→ Water Pollution: It is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and affluents discharged into rivers.
→ Thermal pollution: It occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.
→ Noise pollution: Industrial and construction activities, machinery, factory equipment, generators,
saws and pneumatic and electric drills also make a lot of noise.
Control of Environmental Degradation
→ Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic
precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
→ Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.