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      Class 10 Social Studies

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      • Class 10
      • Class 10 Social Studies
      CoursesClass 10Social StudiesClass 10 Social Studies
      • Civics
        24
        • Lecture1.1
          Power Sharing 41 min
        • Lecture1.2
          Chapter Notes – Power Sharing
        • Lecture1.3
          NCERT Solutions – Power Sharing
        • Lecture1.4
          Federalism 01 hour
        • Lecture1.5
          Chapter Notes – Federalism
        • Lecture1.6
          NCERT Solutions – Federalism
        • Lecture1.7
          Gender Caste 01 hour 04 min
        • Lecture1.8
          Chapter Notes – Gender Caste
        • Lecture1.9
          NCERT Solutions – Gender Caste
        • Lecture1.10
          Popular Struggles 01 hour 18 min
        • Lecture1.11
          Chapter Notes – Popular Struggles
        • Lecture1.12
          NCERT Solutions – Popular Struggles
        • Lecture1.13
          Political Parties 55 min
        • Lecture1.14
          Chapter Notes – Political Parties
        • Lecture1.15
          NCERT Solutions – Political Parties
        • Lecture1.16
          Democracy and Diversity 49 min
        • Lecture1.17
          Chapter Notes – Democracy and Diversity
        • Lecture1.18
          NCERT Solutions – Democracy and Diversity
        • Lecture1.19
          Outcome of Democracy 41 min
        • Lecture1.20
          Chapter Notes – Outcome of Democracy
        • Lecture1.21
          NCERT Solutions – Outcome of Democracy
        • Lecture1.22
          Challenges to Democracy 53 min
        • Lecture1.23
          Chapter Notes – Challenges to Democracy
        • Lecture1.24
          NCERT Solutions – Challenges to Democracy
      • Economics
        37
        • Lecture2.1
          Development 1 – Introduction 57 min
        • Lecture2.2
          Development 2 – Levels of Devplopment-Individual 23 min
        • Lecture2.3
          Development 3 – Levels of Development-National 32 min
        • Lecture2.4
          Development 4 – Development in Country, Type of Resources 10 min
        • Lecture2.5
          Development 5 – Levels of Devplopment-Individual_English 23 min
        • Lecture2.6
          Development 6 – Levels of Devplopment-National_English 32 min
        • Lecture2.7
          Development 7 – Development in Country, Type of Resources_English 10 min
        • Lecture2.8
          Chapter Notes – Development
        • Lecture2.9
          NCERT Solutions – Development
        • Lecture2.10
          Money and Credit 1 38 min
        • Lecture2.11
          Money and Credit 2 23 min
        • Lecture2.12
          Money and Credit 3 23 min
        • Lecture2.13
          Chapter Notes – Money and Credit
        • Lecture2.14
          NCERT Solutions – Money and Credit
        • Lecture2.15
          Sectors of Indian Economy 1- Introduction 44 min
        • Lecture2.16
          Sectors of Indian Economy 2 – Some Important Terms, Activity in Primary and Secondary Sector, Teritary Sector 01 hour 06 min
        • Lecture2.17
          Sectors of Indian Economy 3 – Devision of Sectors as Organised and Unorganised 21 min
        • Lecture2.18
          Sectors of Indian Economy 4 – Some Important Terms, Activity in Primary and Secondary Sector, Teritary Sector_English 01 hour 06 min
        • Lecture2.19
          Sectors of Indian Economy 5 – Devision of Sectors as Organised and Unorganised_English 21 min
        • Lecture2.20
          Chapter Notes – Sectors of Indian Economy
        • Lecture2.21
          NCERT Solutions – Sectors of Indian Economy
        • Lecture2.22
          Globalization of the Indian Economy 1- Globalization of the Indian Economy 01 hour 39 min
        • Lecture2.23
          Globalization of the Indian Economy 2- Economics Polices, Captalist Economy, Socialist Economy 34 min
        • Lecture2.24
          Globalization of the Indian Economy 3- Production Activity, Interlinking Production Across Countries 23 min
        • Lecture2.25
          Globalization of the Indian Economy 4 – Forien Trade and Integration of Market, 20 min
        • Lecture2.26
          Globalization of the Indian Economy 5 – Factors That Have Enabled Globalisation, Steps to Attract Foreign Investment 24 min
        • Lecture2.27
          Globalization of the Indian Economy 6 – Economics Polices, Captalist Economy, Socialist Economy_English 34 min
        • Lecture2.28
          Globalization of the Indian Economy 7 – Production Activity, Interlinking Production Across Countries_English 23 min
        • Lecture2.29
          Globalization of the Indian Economy 8 – Forien Trade and Integration of Market_English 20 min
        • Lecture2.30
          Globalization of the Indian Economy 9 – Factors That Have Enabled Globalisation, Steps to Attract Foreign Investment_English 25 min
        • Lecture2.31
          Chapter Notes – Globalization of the Indian Economy
        • Lecture2.32
          NCERT Solutions – Globalization of the Indian Economy
        • Lecture2.33
          Consumer Rights 1 – Introduction 45 min
        • Lecture2.34
          Consumer Rights 2 – Goods and Services, Unfair Trade Practices 31 min
        • Lecture2.35
          Consumer Rights 3 – Different Types of Rights 42 min
        • Lecture2.36
          Chapter Notes – Consumer Rights
        • Lecture2.37
          NCERT Solutions – Consumer Rights
      • Geography
        28
        • Lecture3.1
          Resources and Development 1 53 min
        • Lecture3.2
          Resources and Development 2 44 min
        • Lecture3.3
          Chapter Notes – Resources and Development
        • Lecture3.4
          NCERT Solutions – Resources and Development
        • Lecture3.5
          Forest and Wildlife 48 min
        • Lecture3.6
          Chapter Notes – Forest and Wildlife
        • Lecture3.7
          NCERT Solutions – Forest and Wildlife
        • Lecture3.8
          Water Resources 1 12 min
        • Lecture3.9
          Water Resources 2 49 min
        • Lecture3.10
          Chapter Notes – Water Resources
        • Lecture3.11
          Agriculture 1 01 hour 06 min
        • Lecture3.12
          Agriculture 2 10 min
        • Lecture3.13
          Chapter Notes – Agriculture
        • Lecture3.14
          Minerals and Energy Resources 1 45 min
        • Lecture3.15
          Minerals and Energy Resources 2 58 min
        • Lecture3.16
          Minerals and Energy Resources 3 49 min
        • Lecture3.17
          Minerals and Energy Resources 4 38 min
        • Lecture3.18
          Chapter Notes – Minerals and Energy Resources
        • Lecture3.19
          Lifeline of National Economy 1 37 min
        • Lecture3.20
          Lifeline of National Economy 2 26 min
        • Lecture3.21
          Lifeline of National Economy 3 40 min
        • Lecture3.22
          Lifeline of National Economy 4 29 min
        • Lecture3.23
          Lifeline of National Economy 5 33 min
        • Lecture3.24
          Chapter Notes – Lifeline of National Economy
        • Lecture3.25
          NCERT Solutions – Lifeline of National Economy
        • Lecture3.26
          Manufacturing Industries 02 hour
        • Lecture3.27
          Chapter Notes – Manufacturing Industries
        • Lecture3.28
          NCERT Solutions – Manufacturing Industries
      • History
        28
        • Lecture4.1
          The Age of Industrialization 01 hour
        • Lecture4.2
          Chapter Notes – The Age of Industrialization
        • Lecture4.3
          NCERT Solutions – The Age of Industrialization
        • Lecture4.4
          Rise of Nationalism in Europe 01 hour
        • Lecture4.5
          Chapter Notes – Rise of Nationalism in Europe
        • Lecture4.6
          NCERT Solutions – Rise of Nationalism in Europe
        • Lecture4.7
          The Making of a Global World 01 hour
        • Lecture4.8
          Chapter Notes – The Making of a Global World
        • Lecture4.9
          NCERT Solutions – The Making of a Global World
        • Lecture4.10
          Globalization – Part 1 01 hour
        • Lecture4.11
          Globalization – Part 2 42 min
        • Lecture4.12
          Work Life Leisure 01 hour
        • Lecture4.13
          The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China 1 35 min
        • Lecture4.14
          The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China 2 01 hour
        • Lecture4.15
          The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China 3 59 min
        • Lecture4.16
          Nationalist Movement in India 1 23 min
        • Lecture4.17
          Nationalist Movement in India 2 51 min
        • Lecture4.18
          Nationalist Movement in India 3 01 hour
        • Lecture4.19
          Nationalist Movement in India 4 20 min
        • Lecture4.20
          Chapter Notes – Nationalism in India
        • Lecture4.21
          NCERT Solutions – Nationalism in India
        • Lecture4.22
          Novels Society and History 1 55 min
        • Lecture4.23
          Novels Society and History 2 32 min
        • Lecture4.24
          Novels Society and History 3 50 min
        • Lecture4.25
          Print Culture and Modern World 1 01 hour
        • Lecture4.26
          Print Culture and Modern World 2 47 min
        • Lecture4.27
          Chapter Notes – Print Culture and Modern World
        • Lecture4.28
          NCERT Solutions – Print Culture and Modern World

        Chapter Notes – Resources and Development

        Topics in the Chapter

        • Resources
        • Classification of Resources
        → On the basis of origin

        → On the Basis of Exhaustibility
        → On the Basis of Ownership
        → On the Basis of the Status of Development
        • Development of Resources
        • Resource Planning
        • Land Resources
        → Land Resources in India
        • Land Use Pattern in India
        • Land Degradation and Conservation measures
        • Soil as a Resource
        • Classification of Soils
        → Alluvial Soils
        → Black Soil
        → Red and Yellow Soils
        → Laterite Soils
        → Arid Soils
        → Forest Soils
        • Soil Erosion and Soil Conservation 

        Resources

        • Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided, it is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as ‘Resource’.

        Classification of Resources
        • The resources can be classified as:
        → On the basis of origin – biotic and abiotic
        → On the basis of exhaustibility – renewable and non-renewable
        → On the basis of ownership – individual, community, national and international
        → On the basis of status of development – potential, developed stock and reserves.

        On the Basis of Origin
        • Biotic Resources: These are obtained from biosphere and have life such as human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock etc.
        • Abiotic Resources: All those things which are composed of non-living things are called abiotic resources. For example, rocks and metals.

        On the Basis of Exhaustibility

        • Renewable Resources: The resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical processes are known as renewable resources. For example, solar and wind energy, water, forests and wildlife, etc.

        • Non-Renewable Resources: The resources once consumed cannot be replaced are known as non-renewable resources. These resources take millions of years in their formation.For example: Oil, Coal etc.
        On the Basis of Ownership
        • Individual Resources: The resources owned privately by individuals are called Individual resources. For example: Plot, houses etc. owned by a person.
        • Community Owned Resources: The resources which are accessible to all the members of the community. For example: Public parks, picnic spots owned by a community.

        • National Resources: The resources which come under nation are known as National Resources. Technically, all the resources belong to the nation.

        • International Resources: The resources lying beyond 200 kms of Exclusive Economic Zone in the oceans are called International Resources. No one can use these resources without the permission of international institutions.
        On the Basis of the Status of Development
        • Potential Resources: Resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilised. For example: the regions Rajasthan and Gujarat have enormous potential for the development of wind and solar energy.
        • Developed Resources: Resources which are surveyed and their quality and quantity have been determined for utilisation.

        • Stock: The resources that have been surveyed, but cannot be used due a lack of technology. For example: water is a compound of two inflammable gases; hydrogen and oxygen, which can be used as a rich source of energy but we don’t have technical know-how to use them.
        • Reserves: The resources that have been surveyed and we can use them with present technology but their use has not been started are known as Reserves. For example: the water in the dams, forests etc.
        Development of Resources
        • Resources are vital for human survival.

        • It was believed that resources are free gifts of nature so, human beings used them indiscriminately and this has led to the following major problems:
        →  Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of few individuals.
        → Accumulation of resources in few hands which divides the society into rich and poor.
        → Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as, global warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution and land degradation.

        • For a sustained quality of life and global peace, an equitable distribution of resources has
        become essential.

        • For using resources judiciously, we need to adopt sustainable economic development.
        • Sustainable economic development means development should take place without damaging the environment, and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of the future generations. 

        Resource Planning

        • Resource planning is a complex process which involves :

        (i) Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources.

        (ii) Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans.

        (iii) Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans.
        Land Resources

        • Land is a natural resource of utmost importance.
        → It supports natural vegetation, wild life, human life, economic activities, transport and communication systems.

        • Land is present in limited size so we must use them effectively.
        Land Resources in India
        • About 43 percent of the land area is plain, which provides facilities for agriculture and industry.
        • About 30 percent of the total surface area of the country are mountains which ensure perennial flow of some rivers and provide facilities for tourism and ecological aspects.
        • About 27 per cent of the area of the country is the plateau region that possesses rich reserves
        of minerals, fossil fuels and forests.
        Land Use Pattern in India
        • The use of land is determined by:
        → Physical factors such as topography, climate, soil types
        → Human factors such as population density, technological capability and culture and traditions etc.
        • Land use data, however, is available only for 93 per cent of the total geographical area because the land use reporting for most of the north-east states except Assam has not been done fully.
        → Also, some areas of Jammu and Kashmir occupied by Pakistan and China have also not been surveyed.
        Land Degradation and Conservation measures
        • Human activities such as deforestation, over grazing, mining and quarrying contributed in land degradation.
        • Measures to control land degradation:
        → Afforestation
        → Planting of shelter belts of plants
        → control on over grazing
        → stabilisation of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes
        → Proper management of waste lands
        → control of mining activities
        Soil as a Resource
        • Soil is the most important renewable natural resource.
        • It is the medium of plant growth and supports different types of living organisms on the earth.
        Classification of Soils
        On the basis of the factors responsible for soil formation, colour, thickness, texture, age, chemical and physical properties, the soils of India can be classified in different types:
        • Alluvial Soils:
        → Entire northern plains are made of alluvial soil.
        → Also found in the eastern coastal plains particularly in the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri rivers.
        → Fertile soil therefore, fit for agriculture purpose.
        → Regions of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated and densely populated.
        → Rich in potash, phosphoric acid and lime which are ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat and other cereal and pulse crops.
        • Black Soil:
        → Black in colour and are also known as regur soils.
        → Ideal for growing cotton and is also known as black cotton soil.
        → Found in the plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh also along the Godavari and the Krishna valleys.
        → Made up of extremely fine i.e. clayey material.
        → Well-known for their capacity to hold moisture.
        → Rich in calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime.
        • Red and Yellow Soils:
        → Found in the areas of low rainfall in the eastern and southern parts of the Deccan plateau.
        → Also found in parts of Odisha, Chhattisgarh, southern parts of the middle Ganga plain and along the piedmont zone of the Western Ghats.
        → Develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks.
        • Laterite Soils:

        → Develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall.
        → Found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, and the hilly areas of Odisha and Assam.

        → Suitable for cultivation with adequate doses of manures and fertilizers.
        → Low Humus content because decomposers, like bacteria, get destroyed due to high temperature.
        • Arid Soils:
        → Found in the western parts of Rajasthan.
        → After proper irrigation these soils become cultivable.
        → Lacks humus and moisture because dry climate, high temperature make evaporation faster.
        → Salt content is very high and common salt is obtained by evaporating the water.
        • Forest Soils:
        → Found in the hilly and mountainous areas where sufficient rain forests are available.
        → Feature differs based on location.
        → Loamy and silty in valley sides and coarse grained in the upper slopes.
        → Silt in the lower parts of the valleys particularly on the river terraces and alluvial fans are fertile.
        Soil Erosion and Soil Conservation
        • Natural ways of Soil erosion: Wind, glacier and water lead to soil erosion.
        • Human activities: Deforestation, over-grazing, construction and mining etc., contributes in soil erosion.
        • Measures to control Soil erosion:
        → Strip cropping
        → Planting shelter belts
        → In the hilly areas, using contour ploughing and terrace farming.
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