Intext Questions

Q.1     State any two conditions essential for good health.
Sol.      ‘Health’ is a state of being well enough to function well physically, mentally and socially. Therefore, for good health.
(i) One should be disease free.
(ii) There should be social equality and harmony which are essential for individual health particularly for social and mental health.

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Q.2    State any two conditions essential for being free of disease.
Sol.     (i) Remain away from specific and particular cause for discomfort or disease. For which personal and public cleanliness and good physical environment are necessary.
(ii) Proper and sufficient food necessary for functioning of cells and tissues of the body.

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Page 180

Q.1     List any three reasons why you would think that you are sick and ought to see a doctor. If only one of these symptoms were present would you still go to the doctor? 
Why not?
Sol.     Common symptoms, which indicate sickness are:
(i) Headache,
(ii) Cough and
(iii) Loose motion.
Even seeing one symptoms. I will go to doctor.
Reason: A single symptom is the sign of a disease. On delaying, it may lead to serious illness. For example, headache may mean meningitis.

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Q.2     In which of the following case do you think the long – term effects on your health are likely to be most unpleasant?
            (i) If you get jaundice.
            (ii) If you get lice.
            (iii) If you get acne. 
            Why?
Sol.      Jaundice because it is a chronic disease and takes long time to be cured. Moreover, jaundice affects the whole body and it takes long time to be healthy.

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Page 187 

Q.1     Why are we normally advised to tale bland and nourishing food when we are sick?
Sol.       Infectious disease show a lack of success of the immune system of the body. For the functioning of immune system properly, sufficient nourishment and easily digestable food  is necessary for a sick person.

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Q.2     What are the different means by which infectious diseases are spread?
Sol.      Infection causing microbes travel from patient to person through:
(i) Air : Sneezing or coughing since little droplets are thrown which they reach another person through air. Example, common Cole, pneumonia etc.
(ii) Water : contaminated water carries disease causing microbes which cause infection on its usage. Example, diseases such as cholera.
(iii) Sexual contact: Diseases such as syphilis or AIDS are transmitted by sexual contact from one person to the other.
(iv) Animals: These are intermediaries, called vectors, transmitting diseases from a patient to the host. Example, mosquitoes (Female Anopheles mosquito) cause spread of malaria.

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 Q.3     What precautions could you take in your school to reduce the incidence of infectious diseases?
Sol.      (i) Preventing over crowing classes,
(ii) Providing safe drinking water,
(iii) Cleanliness in the school premises and also in the classroom,
(iv) Use of handkerchief or towel while an infected student in sneezing or coughing,
(v) Use of clean toilets,
(vi) Not to allows water to stagnate in school or around the school to avoid mosquito breeding,
(vii) To get vaccinated whenever programmers organized in the  for inoculation against  various diseases.
(viii) Not eating food exposed to flies, mosquitoes etc.

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Q.4     What is immunization?
Sol.      Introduction of mild type of infection (microbes) or killed infectious microbes into the body by vaccination / by other means to activate the immune system against a particular infection / disease is called immunization.

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Q.5     What is the immunization programme available at the nearest health center in your locality ? Which of these diseases are the major health problems in your area?
Sol.       Immunization programme
(i) BCG vaccine against tuberculosis.
(ii) Polio drops against polio.
(iii) Vaccination against chicken pox.
(iv) Vaccination against Hepatitis.
(v) DPT vaccination against diptheria, pertusis (whooping cough) and tetanus.
(vi) Immunisation against measles.
Major health problems are (i) Hepatitis, (ii) Chicken pox, (iii) Tuberculosis, and (iv)Tetanus

Exercise

Q.1    How many times did you fall ill during the last year? What were the illnesses ?
          (a) Think of one change you could make in your habits in order to avoid any of the above illnesses.
          (b) Think of one change you would wish for, in your surroundings in order to avoid any  of the above illnesses.
Sol.    Three times in the last year. Name of the diseases – malaria, dysentery, viral fever.
(a) Change in habit
(i) avoiding accumulation of stagnant water to avoid mosquito breeding.
(ii) use of spray and other measures to kill mosquitoes.
(iii) keeping the surroundings clean.
(iv) Use of nourishing food and safe water. Avoiding exposed food and unfiltered water.
(v) Personal hygiene. (Comment : to be checked by the subject teacher)
(b) One change in surroundings – Avoiding accumulation of garbage and stagnant water in the surroundings

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Q.2     A doctor / nurse / health – worker is exposed to more sick people than other in the community. Find out how she / he avoids getting sick herself / himself.
Sol.      A doctor / nurse / health – work avoid getting sick herself / himself by
(i) Observing personal hygiene rules, i.e., personal cleanliness washing hand with antiseptics like, dettol / savlon etc. after handing equipment, clothes etc. of patients.
(ii) Use of mask to cover the mouth and nose to avoid infection through air (droplets thrown during sneezing or coughing of the patient).
(iii) Avoiding direct physical contact i.e. use of hand gloves.
(iv) They have no sexual contact with the sick people.
(v) They avoid sharing of food items or water used by the patient.
(vi) Keep the surroundings clean.
(vii) They eat sufficient and nourishing food to keep their immune system healthy.
(viii) Undergo immunization time to time regularly.

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Q.3     Conduct a survey in your neighborhood to find out what the three most common diseases are. Suggest three steps that could be taken by your local authorities to bring down the occurrence of these diseases.
Sol.     Common diseases are dysentery, malaria, viral fever / jaundice. Preventive measures:
(i) Cleanliness of the surroundings i.e. removal of garbage from the streets / houses and  storing it in a covered place till it is disposed off.
(ii) Removal of ditches where water stagnates as it is the breeding place of mosquitoes.Spray of chemicals / smoke in the surroundings to kill mosquitoes.
(iii) Ensure supply of safe drinking water. (or) periodical programmers to educate people  about prevention of diseases.

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Q.4     A baby is not able to tell her / his caretakers that she / he is sick. What would help us to find out.
           (a) That the baby is sick?
           (b) What is the sickness?
Sol.     (a) The symptoms and signs can tell that the baby is sick. Symptom may be cough,loose
motions, wound with pus, vomiting etc.
(b) (i) Signs will give a little more definite indication of the presence of a particular disease. For example, yellow colour of the eyes, skin etc. indicate jaundice.
(ii) To be confirmed, further laboratory tests should be done.

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Q.5     Under which of the following conditions is a person most likely to fall sick?
Sol.     (a) When she is recovering from malaria.
(b) When she has recovered from malaria and is taking care of someone suffering from chicken – pox.
(c) When she is on a four- day fast after recovering from malaria and is taking care of someone suffering from chicken pox. Since during lack of proper and sufficient food, the immune system will not be functioning properly.

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 Q.6     Under which of the following conditions are you most likely to fall sick?
Sol.      (a) When you are taking examinations.
(b) When you have traveled by bus or train for two days.
(c) When your friend is suffering from measles. It is because when your friend is suffering form measles, you are likely to visit him to ask his welfare. Measles is infectious disease, which spreads through air, disease is transmitted by droplets thrown in the air during sneezing, coughing nasal discharge etc. So, you are most likely to get infected by the disease.  

Exemplar

Multiple Choice Questions : –

Q.1   Which one of the following is not a viral disease?

(a) Dengue

(b) AIDS

(c) Typhoid

(d) Influenza

Sol. (c)

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Q.2 Which one of the following is not a bacterial disease?

(a) Cholera

(b) Tuberculosis

(c)  Anthrax

(d) Influenza

Sol. (d)

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Q.3 Which one of the following disease is not transmitted by mosquito?

(a) Brain fever

(b)  Malaria

(c)  Typhoid

(d) Dengue

Sol. (c)

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Q.4 Which one of the following disease is caused by bacteria?

(a) Typhoid

(b) Anthrax

(c) Tuberculosis

(d)  Malaria

Sol. (d)

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Q.5  Which one of the following diseases is caused by protozoans?

(a) Malaria

(b) Influenza

(c) AIDS

(d) Cholera

Sol. (a)

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Q.6 Which one of the following has a long term effect on the health of an individual?

(a) Common cold

(b) Chicken pox

(c)  Chewing tobacco

(d)  Stress

Sol. (c)

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Q.7 Which of the following can make you ill if you come in contact with an infected person?

(a) High blood pressure

(b) Genetic abnormalities

(c) Sneezing

(d) Blood cancer

Sol. (c)

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Q.8 AIDS cannot be transmitted by

(a) sexual contact

(b) hugs

(c)  breast feeding

(d)  blood transfusion

Sol. (b)

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Q.9 Making anti-viral  drugs  is  more  difficult  than  making  anti-bacterial medicines because

(a) viruses make use of host machinery

(b) viruses are on the border line of living and non-living

(c) viruses have very few biochemical mechanisms of their own

(d)  viruses have a protein coat

Sol. (c)

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Q.10 Which one of the following causes kala-azar?

(a) Ascaris

(b) Trypanosoma

(c)  Leishmania

(d) Bacteria

Sol. (c)

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Q.11 If you live in a overcrowded and poorly ventilated house, it is possible that you may suffer from which of the following diseases

(a) Cancer

(b) AIDS

(c)  Air borne diseases

(d) Cholera

Sol. (c)

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Q.12 Which disease is not transmitted by mosquitoes?

(a) Dengue

(b)  Malaria

(c)  Brain fever or encephalitis

(d) Pneumonia

Sol. (d)

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Q.13 Which one of the following is not important for individual health?

(a) Living in clean space

(b)  Good economic condition

(c) Social equality and harmony

(d) Living in a large and well furnished house

Sol. (d)

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Q.14 Choose the wrong statement

(a) High blood pressure is caused by excessive weight and lack of exercise.

(b)  Cancers can be caused by genetic abnormalities

(c) Peptic ulcers are caused by eating acidic food

(d)  Acne in not caused by staphylococci

Sol. (c)

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Q.15 We should not allow mosquitoes to breed in our surroundings because they

(a) multiply very fast and cause pollution

(b) are vectors for many diseases

(c) bite and cause skin diseases

(d) are not important insects

Sol. (b)

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Q.16 You are aware of Polio Eradication Programme in your city. Children are vaccinated because

(a) vaccination kills the polio causing microorganisms

(b)  prevents the entry of polio causing organism

(c) it creates immunity in the body

(d) all the above

Sol. (c)

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Q.17 Viruses, which cause hepatitis, are transmitted through

(a) air

(b)  water

(c) food

(d)  personal contact

Sol. (b)

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Q.18 Vectors can be defined as

(a) animals carry the infecting agents from sick person to another healthy person

(b)  microorganisms which cause many diseases

(c) infected person

(d)  diseased plants

Sol. (a)